Historical development of databases: Analyze the evolution of technological infrastructures in relation to the development of databases.

Lesson 31/59 | Study Time: Min


Historical development of databases: Analyze the evolution of technological infrastructures in relation to the development of databases.

The Dawn of Databases

Have you ever pondered about how significant databases are in our lives? All the details, from our social media profiles to our bank transactions, are stored in databases. But, how did it all start? This lesson takes us back to the origins of databases, where it all began.

We kick start our journey with the punch card system developed by Herman Hollerith in the late 19th century for the US Census. Hollerith's system, though rudimentary by today's standards, was revolutionary in its time, making data recording and retrieval much more efficient.

Embracing the mid-20th century, we see the emergence of Magnetic Tape storage, a significant leap in data storage capabilities. These devices could store large amounts of data, and were primarily used with mainframe computers.

The Birth of Database Models 📚

Then comes the age of the hierarchical and network database models in the 1960s. These systems had rigid structures and were quite complex. IBM's Information Management System (IMS) is a classic example of a hierarchical database, while CODASYL (Conference on Data Systems Languages) network DBMS was another prevalent model.

The relational database model, introduced by E.F. Codd in 1970, revolutionized the database world with its simplicity and flexibility. This model uses a table-based format for data storage, making it more intuitive and user-friendly. Oracle's RDBMS and Microsoft's SQL Server are prime examples of relational databases widely used today.

Then came the object-oriented database model in the 1980s, which added another layer of sophistication to data management. This model allows complex objects and relationships to be effectively managed, with examples including PostgreSQL and MongoDB.

Technological Advancements ⚙️

Technological innovations have had a profound impact on the evolution of databases. Disk storage technology, for example, has evolved from the hard, clumsy disks of the 1950s to the sleek, high-capacity SSDs we use today.

An example of a significant hardware innovation includes the development of RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) technology. It improved data storage reliability and performance.


On the software front, the development of DBMS software like Oracle, MySQL, and SQL Server has helped manage and manipulate the databases more efficiently.

The Digital Revolution 🚀

The advent of the internet and cloud computing has revolutionized data storage, access, and distribution. Today, cloud databases like Amazon's AWS and Google Cloud are leading the data revolution, enabling businesses to store and access data from anywhere in the world.

This journey through the evolution of databases and the technological infrastructures surrounding them provides us a profound understanding of how our data-driven world has been shaped, offering a solid foundation for future lessons on the impact of Management Information Systems (MIS) in modern organisations.

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1- Introduction 2- Models of data communication and computer networks: Analyse the models used in data communication and computer networks. 3- Hierarchical computer networks: Analyse the different layers in hierarchical computer networks. 4- IP addressing in computer networks: Set up IP addressing in a computer network. 5- Static and dynamic routing: Set up static and dynamic routing in a computer network. 6- Network traffic management and control: Manage and control network traffic in a computer network. 7- Network troubleshooting: Diagnose and fix network problems. 8- Introduction 9- Concepts and sources of big data. 10- Recommendation systems, sentiment analysis, and computational advertising. 11- Big data types: streaming data, unstructured data, large textual data. 12- Techniques in data analytics. 13- Problems associated with large data sets used in applied analytical models. 14- Approaches to visualize the output from an enforced analytical model. 15- Big data processing platforms and tools. 16- Performing simple data processing tasks on a big data set using tools 17- Introduction 18- Relational Database Management Systems: Analyze the concepts and architecture of a relational database management system. 19- Entity Relationship Model: Analyze the components of an entity relationship model. 20- Relational Model: Analyze relation, record, field, and keys in a relational model. 21- ER to Relational Model Conversion: Perform a conversion from an ER model to the relational model. 22- Functional Dependency: Analyze the concepts of closure sets, closure operation, trivial, non-trivial, and semi-trivial functional dependencies. 23- Normal Forms: Analyze the concepts of lossless, attribute-preserving, and functional-dependency-preserving decomposition, and first normal form. 24- Installation of Programming Languages and Databases: Install MySQL and phpMyAdmin and install Java and Python programming languages. 25- CRUD Operations: Perform create, read, update, delete (CRUD) operations in MySQL. 26- MySQL Operations: Perform MySQL operations using CONCAT, SUBSTRING, REPLACE, REVERSE, CHAR LENGTH, UPPER, and LOWER commands. 27- Aggregate Functions: Perform MySQL operations using count, group by, min, max, sum, and average functions. 28- Conditional Statements and Operators: Perform MySQL operations using not equal, not like, greater than, less than, logical AND, logical OR. 29- Join Operations: Perform MySQL operation. 30- Introduction 31- Historical development of databases: Analyze the evolution of technological infrastructures in relation to the development of databases. 32- Impact of the internet, the world-wide web, cloud computing, and e-commerce: Analyze the impact of these technologies on modern organizations. 33- Strategic management information system (MIS): Analyze the characteristics and impact of a strategic MIS. 34- Information systems for value-added change: Analyze how information systems can support value-added change in organizations. 35- Functionality of information communication technology: Analyze the functionality offered by information communication technology and its implications. 36- International, ethical, and social problems of managing information systems: Define the international, ethical, and social problems associated. 37- Security and legislative issues in building management information systems: Define the security and legislative issues related to building MIS. 38- Security and legislative issues in implementing management information systems: Define the security and legislative issues related to implementing MIS. 39- Security and legislative issues in maintenance. 40- Introduction 41- Ethical concepts in computing: Analyse common ethical concepts and theories in computing. 42- Laws and social issues in information technology: Analyse laws and social issues in areas including privacy, encryption, and freedom of speech. 43- Intellectual property and computer crime: Analyse the laws relating to trade secrets, patents, copyright, fair use and restrictions, peer-to-peer. 44- Data privacy: Define data privacy and analyse the types of data included in data privacy. 45- Ethical theories and the U.S. legal system: Analyse philosophical perspectives such as utilitarianism versus deontological ethics and the basics. 46- Ethical dilemmas in information technology: Apply ethical concepts and an analytical process to common dilemmas found in the information technology. 47- Impacts of intellectual property theft and computer crime: Analyse the impacts of intellectual property theft and computer crime. 48- Ethics in artificial intelligence (AI): Analyse the ethics in AI, including autonomous vehicles and autonomous weapon systems. 49- Ethics in robotics: Analyse the ethics in robotics, including robots in healthcare. 50- Introduction 51- Technologies involved in building a secure e-commerce site. 52- Common problems faced by e-commerce sites. 53- Requirements analysis and specification for an e-commerce project. 54- Writing a project proposal and creating a presentation. 55- Front-end development tools, frameworks, and languages. 56- Back-end development languages, frameworks, and databases. 57- Application of software development methodologies. 58- Creating a project report and user documentation. 59- Delivering structured presentations on the software solution.
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